MODERN PERSPECTIVES ON THE ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF HEMORRHAGIC VASCULITIS

Abstract

Hemorrhagic vasculitis, also known as IgA vasculitis, is a systemic smallvessel inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-containing immune complexes in the vascular walls. Despite significant advances in medical science, the exact etiology of the disease remains incompletely understood. Current evidence suggests that genetic predisposition, infectious agents, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation play crucial roles in the development of the disease. This article reviews contemporary concepts regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of hemorrhagic vasculitis, focusing on the mechanisms of IgA immune complex formation, endothelial injury, inflammatory responses, and the involvement of cytokines and complement pathways. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms is essential for improving diagnostic approaches and developing targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis.